Journal Issue: Volume: 23, No., 03, Issue 68 July-Sept (2025)
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Volume
23
Number
Issue Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1999-6217
Journal Volume
Volume: 23 (2025)
(23)
Articles
Orthopaedic Malpractices in South Asia and Low? and Middle?Income Countries: Urgent Call for Systemic Reforms
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Vaishya, Raju; Joshi, Pramod
NA
Enterovirus 71: The Emerging Threat of Encephalitis in Nepal
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Rayamajhi, Ajit
NA
Factors Associated with Patient who Underwent Leave Against Medical Advice in the Semi-closed Intensive Care Unit
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Niraj Kumar Keyal,; Banu, Haque, Ishfa; Mishra, Jeetendra Kumar; Ansari, Parwez Alam; Ansari, Ishrat Zahan; Shah, Ashish Kumar
Abstract:
Background: Leave against medical advice is a more prevalent challenge in Intensive Care units of developing countries compared to developed ones.
Methods: This prospective observational study was done included 466 patients aged ?18 years who underwent leave against medical advice in a level three intensive care unit of a medical college. The patient admitted to the intensive care unit who chose to leave against the clinicians’ advice was referred to as leaving against medical advice. All data were first entered into an Excel sheet and then transferred to a statistical package for the social sciences-16 for analysis. The descriptive data are presented as the number and percentage for categorical data and mean ± standard deviation for continuous data according to their distribution.
Results: A total of 466 patients were included in the study, and among them,273(58.58%) were male and 193(41.41%) were female. Middle- aged patients account for 234(50.21%) cases. Most patients, 460(98.71%) were admitted from the emergency department. LAMA occurred most frequently during morning shift, 258(55.56%) and in the month of Chaitra 19.4%.The mean ICU stay was 2.53±1.92 days. Internal Medicine accounted for 221(47.2%) who underwent leave against medical advice. 59(12.6%) were mechanically ventilated. Poor prognosis was the primary reason in 278(59.64%) patients who underwent leave against medical advice.
Conclusions: Poor prognosis and financial problems were the most common reasons for patients to leave against medical advice. Therefore, government and other institutions should address this as a critical issue in patient management.
Analysis of Homocysteine Level in Patient with Acute Kidney Injury
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Aryal, Saroj Babu; Joshi, Deepak Raj
Abstract:
Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) contributes to oxidative stress and renal injury by generating reactive oxygen species and reducing heme oxygenase-1 levels. Elevated Hcy (Hhcy) may worsen outcomes after acute renal failure(ARF), promoting fibrosis and progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates the association between Hcy levels and ARF in patients at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital.
Methods: This study was an analytical cross sectional single center study that was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Specimens were processed as per the guidelines of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of Biochemistry laboratory of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital.
Results: Participants had a mean age of 54.2 years. Mean homocysteine was (13.7±10.36) µmol/L and creatinine was (148.7±18.03) µmol/L. Homocysteine levels showed no significant association with age, sex, residence, or disease type. A weak but significant positive correlation was found between homocysteine and creatinine(r = 0.186, p = 0.029). Potassium correlated moderately with creatinine (r = 0.383, p< 0.001).
Conclusions: Homocysteine levels showed no significant association with age, gender, residence, or comorbid conditions. A weak but significant correlation was observed between homocysteine and creatinine, suggesting a potential link with renal function.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia among Undergraduate Students
(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Bhatta, Sabitri; Yadav, Pramod Kumar; Awasthi, Suresh; Giri, Krishna
Abstract:
Background: This study aims to determine the prevalence of refractive error among undergraduate students in Far Western Nepal and association with ethnicity, parental history of myopia and environmental factors.
Methods: Non-interventional, cross-sectional study was done with random sampling involving 768 undergraduate students aged 18 to 26 years were included. Comprehensive ocular examinations were performed using non-cycloplegic refraction by single examiner. A structured, pre-validated questionnaire was used to gather personal demographics, outdoor activity levels, screen time, parental history of myopia, and ethnicity.
Results: The refractive error was found in 16.63% with myopia prevalent in 16.40% of the students. The findings revealed a significant association between myopia and several risk factors, including parental myopia (?=-0.86±0.05; p<0.001), extended near work (?=-0.60±0.08; p<0.001), and high screen time (?=-0.81±0.05; p<0.001). This significant association revealed higher incidences of myopia within academic departments that require intensive near visual tasks, especially in engineering department. Furthermore, ethnic variations indicated that Aryan students, particularly in the Brahmin and Chhetri communities has higher prevalence of myopia than other groups.
Conclusions: The higher prevalence of myopia among the undergraduate students in Far West Nepal was seen at the age of 19. This study suggests the critical risk factors associated with myopia, including age, outdoor activities, screen time, parental history, and ethnic variations which need early health initiatives with preventive strategies for the growing incidence of myopia.