Publication:
Evaluation of Nicotine Dependence in Adult Population of Eastern Nepal

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creativeworkseries.issn1812-2027
dc.contributor.authorShrestha, A
dc.contributor.authorMarla, V
dc.contributor.authorLamsal, M
dc.contributor.authorSarraf, DP
dc.contributor.authorRao, N
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-14T06:29:35Z
dc.date.available2025-12-14T06:29:35Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionShrestha A,1 Marla V,2 Lamsal M,3 Sarraf DP,4 Rao N5 1Department of Oral Pathology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal 2Department of Oral Pathology, Panang International Dental College, Malaysia 3Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal 4Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal 5Boston University, Hendry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, USA
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT Background Tobacco consumption is a leading cause of premature death in the world. Tobacco- related deaths are associated with cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, oral potentially malignant disorders, cancer, others. Moreover there is also associated nicotine dependence which might result to numerous tobacco-associated diseases. Objective This study was conducted to analyze the degree of nicotine dependence considering its potential health risk, in the Eastern region of Nepal. Method A descriptive questionnaire based study was conducted among current tobacco users of six districts of Eastern Nepal. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency for Smokeless Tobacco (FTND- ST) questionnaire were used for tobacco smokers and chewers, respectively. Result Of the total participants, 836 were males and 359 females, among whom 736 were active tobacco smokers and 432 chewers, 34.8% had tried to stop consuming tobacco and 306 (25.6%) had oral lesions in white or red forms. Very low nicotine dependence was found among 244 (31.47%) tobacco smokers and 37 (8.56%) chewers whereas 36 (4.71%) smokers and 103 (23.84%) chewers had very high nicotine dependence. The mean score for FTND was 3.73±2.37 and 5.74±2.12 for FTND-ST. A significant difference in duration and age group with FTND score was observed, however not with FTND-ST. Conclusion The information regarding degree of nicotine dependence can be used as baseline information for planning of preventive strategies and implementation of tobacco cessation and control programs. KEY WORDS Fagerstrom, Nicotine dependence, Tobacco
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14572/3611
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherKathmandu University
dc.subjectFagerstrom
dc.subjectNicotine dependence
dc.subjectTobacco
dc.titleEvaluation of Nicotine Dependence in Adult Population of Eastern Nepal
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.article.typeOriginal Article
oaire.citation.endPage215
oaire.citation.startPage210
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relation.isJournalIssueOfPublication.latestForDiscovery4c8a2c01-809d-4901-9318-1bc7ee5426a3
relation.isJournalOfPublicationa782b7ff-cf89-4178-ad1c-11ed89cfe1bd

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