Publication: Comparative study of three antimicrobial drugs protocol (Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin/Amikacin and Metronidazole) versus two antimicrobial drugs protocol (Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole) in cases of intra-abdominal sepsis
Date
2005
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kathmandu University
Abstract
Background: Treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis with antibacterial drugs should be initiated as soon as possible
diagnosis is made before surgery and continued in the post operative period, unless required to be changed (when
there is no satisfactory clinical response). The ideal agent (s) and duration of therapy remains somewhat
controversial. However, early experimental and subsequent clinical studies have indicated that the spectrum of
chosen antibacterial activity must encompass both colonic aerobes and anaerobes including B. fragilis. There are a
number of multi drug protocols that are used to treat intra-abdominal septic conditions. Empiric use of these
protocols not only adds toxicity to already ill patient but therapy becomes costly and utilizes human resource,
unnecessarily. Aim of study: To study the clinical efficacy of the treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis with protocol
–A (Ceftriaxone, Metronidazole and aminoglycoside) versus protocol –B. (Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole).
Material and methods: This is a prospective randomized study conducted at NGMC, Nepalgunj, Nepal (2003-
2004) on the patient attending for the treatment of intra -abdominal sepsis. Patients included in this study were of
inflammation, obstruction with or without gangrene and perforation of appendix, small bowel and large bowel with
localized or generalized peritonitis. These patients were managed surgically by- appendicectomy, closure of
perforation, resection and anastomosis (R&A) and resection and proximal colostomy. Patients of large bowel
obstruction without gangrene and small bowel gangrene were managed by R&A. These patients had significant
faecal spillage at the surgical site as well as in the peritoneum. At the end of operation peritoneum and surgical site
of all cases were washed with saline and povidone-iodine solution. They were put on one of the two protocols for
post-operative treatment. A total 59 patients were included in this study. 32 cases were treated with protocol- A and
rest 27 cases were treated with protocol- B. These cases were selected randomly for this study. Their outcome was
compiled and compared under following headings: postoperative recovery, postoperative pyrexia, wound infection
and dehiscence, anastomotic leak, residual abscess and cost of therapy. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was
done with the help of Chi square test. Result: Of the 59 patients, 32 were randomized to group I, 27 to group II.
These groups were comparable in age, weight, sex and duration of therapy. Uneventful recovery was noted in 87.5
% (28/32) in -group I where as in 70.37% (19 /27) in-group II. Complications were observed in 12.5% in-group I
where as 29.63 % in-group II. 10 patients in-group I where as 7 patients in -group II had surgical site infections
(SSIs). All of these had superficial wound infection with/or without dehiscence of small portion of wound. A single
case of residual abscess and anastomotic leak was observed. Postoperative pyrexia was noted in 8 patients in-group
I where as in 6 patients in-group II. In pyrexia, temperature ranged from 99-104 0F. Finally except one case, rest of
the cases recovered. On follow up after 3weeks, the cases recovered were doing well. Conclusion: At least three
conclusions can be drawn from this study. Firstly protocol A is equally effective as protocol B. Secondly; it appears
that combining aminoglycoside with Ceftriaxone therapeutically has no significant (P=0.09) benefit over
Ceftriaxone alone. Finally protocol A is less expensive in terms of total therapy than protocol B and can be used
without fear even in subnormal functioning kidney.
Key Words: Comparative Study, Antimicrobial Drugs, Protocol, Intra-abdominal Sepsis