Publication: A comparative study of fluorescent microscopy with Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
Date
2009
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kathmandu University
Abstract
Abstract
Background: For developing countries with a large number of cases and financial constraints, evaluation of rapid and
inexpensive diagnostic methods has great importance. The bacilli in the sputum can be detected microscopically by ZN
stain and fluorochrome stain.
Objectives : To study the efficacy of fluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison
to Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture of sputum samples from patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Materials and methods : 306 sputum samples collected from 102 patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis were
processed by the Petroff’s method, and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN), fluorescent Auramine-O staining (AO)
and culture on modified Lowenstein-Jensen media (gold standard) for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Positive
smears were graded according to Forbes BA et al, and culture isolates were biochemically tested for confirmation of
species.
Results : Out of 102 patients, 44.1%, 71.6% and 70% were found positive by ZN, AO and culture respectively. AO was
found to be superior to ZN on several aspects. The difference in their case detection rates was statistically significant (χ2
= 24.93, p < 0.001). AO was also able to detect more pauci-bacillary cases than ZN. There was more agreement between
culture and fluorescence microscopy (95.1%) than with ZN microscopy (69.6%). The percentage of false negative by
AO staining was only 2.78% which was in sharp contrast to that of ZN (40.27%).
Conclusion: The better case detection rates of AO over ZN were comparable to those found by several studies. Since
screening was done under lower power of magnification (400x), fluorescence microscopy has been found to be less time
consuming as compared to ZN method (1000x) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The tubercle bacilli stood out as bright
objects against a dark background in fluorescence microscopy which makes them easily identifiable hence causing less
eye-strain. The efficacy of fluorescence microscopy proved to be much higher than conventional light microscopy and
comparable to that of culture.
Key words: Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Auramine-O
Description
Laifangbam S 1, Singh HL 2 , Singh NB 3, Devi KM1, Singh NT 4
1Post-graduate student, 2Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, 3Professor and Head, Microbiology Department, 4Professor and Head, Respiratory Diseases Department, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India