Article:
Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Kathmandu, Nepal

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creativeworkseries.issnOnline ISSN: 2676-1424; Print ISSN: 2676-1319
dc.contributor.authorParajuli, Rajendra Prasad
dc.contributor.authorBharati, Niten
dc.contributor.authorBhandari, Shristi
dc.contributor.authorPatel, Dharmaraj Kumar
dc.contributor.authorNeupane, Arti
dc.contributor.authorAnsari, Zainuddin
dc.contributor.authorOjha, Siddha Raj
dc.contributor.authorKarmacharya, Anju
dc.contributor.authorKC, Anisha
dc.contributor.authorBhusal, Rachana
dc.contributor.authorChettri, Yamini
dc.contributor.authorLama, Merina
dc.contributor.authorMagar, Tsunami Thapa
dc.contributor.authorShilpakar, Minu
dc.contributor.authorGautam, Sandhya
dc.contributor.authorNepal, Madan
dc.contributor.authorYadav, Navin Kumar
dc.contributor.authorBhattarai, Muna
dc.contributor.authorBhattarai, Bimala
dc.contributor.authorBhusal, Shaniya
dc.contributor.authorChaudhary, Ganesh
dc.contributor.authorGautam, Jitendra
dc.contributor.authorDumre, Shyam Prakash
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), California, USA
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.creator.affiliationCentral Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-27T09:54:58Z
dc.date.available2026-10-27T09:54:58Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractAbstract: Antibiotics are vital in combating infectious diseases, yet their increasing use fosters resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rising in Nepal due to factors such as indiscriminate, inappropriate, and inadequate antibiotic usage. This study aims to explore the association between demographic factors and the prevalence of specific bacterial strains within the surveyed population. Additionally, it seeks to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of these bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility or resistance data were retrieved from the Medical Records Department (MRD) of the Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital (MMMCTH) in Kathmandu. Samples from patients with certain types of bacterial infections were included, with 56 from sputum reports, 46 from urine, and 8 from blood samples out of 110 retrieved. Analysis revealed that sputum samples were mostly from older males, while urine samples were mostly from females. Yet, gender did not significantly influence bacterial presence across sample types. Overall, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterium (74%), followed by Salmonella typhi (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (23%) isolated from different type of clinical samples. Altogether, 6-15 antibiotics were assessed for sensitivity, with 2–6 antibiotics showing sensitivity to blood bacteria, 1-6 antibiotics demonstrating sensitivity to sputum bacteria, and 3–8 antibiotics exhibiting sensitivity to urine bacteria. Many investigated antibiotics were resistant, only gentamicin exhibited sensitivity for all types of bacteria found in blood, sputum and urine. These findings underscore the importance of discerning bacterial resistance patterns for effective antimicrobial treatment selection.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v26i2.67202
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14572/8180
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherNepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd.
dc.subjectAntimicrobial resistance
dc.subjectClinical specimens
dc.subjectBacterial isolates
dc.subjectNepal
dc.titleAntibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Kathmandu, Nepal
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.article.typeOriginal Article
oaire.citation.endPage137
oaire.citation.startPage132
relation.isJournalIssueOfPublication84c0efe2-3683-4d69-82dc-de66f7d150e3
relation.isJournalIssueOfPublication.latestForDiscovery84c0efe2-3683-4d69-82dc-de66f7d150e3
relation.isJournalOfPublication865934c8-5e95-468c-8ca6-7bb2529e4064

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