Browsing by Author "Humagain, M"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Publication A Survey on Oral Health and Practice of Nepalese in Areas Affected by Earthquake in 2015(Kathmandu University, 2017) Rokaya, D; Suttagul, K; Karki, S; Rokaya, N; Seriwatanachai, D; Humagain, MABSTRACT Background Understanding post-earthquake oral health indicators is essential for developing oral health interventions of the victims. Presumably, due to a geographic difficulty, there has been no investigation to reveal the oral health status of individuals after the Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. Objective The main objective was to determine the oral health and practice of Nepalese affected by earthquake in April-May, 2015. Method The epidemiological cross sectional study was done at 5 different districts (Sindhupalchok, Dadhing, Bhaktapur, Kathmandu and Kavre) of Nepal from September till November, 2015. Altogether 500 subjects aged form 16 to 80 years of age living in the transitional shelters community were included in earthquake- affected areas. Different parameters were studied from past and present medical and dental problems, habits, oral hygiene habits. DMFT, gingival index, periodontal index were studied and correlation was studied among them. Result It shows that 98% of the participants had plaque and 96.4% of the participants had calculus. Mean decayed was 9, mean missing was 4 and mean filling was 1. 22.60% of the participants had score 0, 34.8% had score 1, 34% had score 2 and 8.60% had score 3 of mean gingivitis index. 10% of the participants showed score 0, 36% showed score 1, 35% showed score 2, 10.2% showed score 3 and 8.2% showed score 4 of mean periodontal index. Moreover, significant correlation was observed among DMFT index, gingival index and periodontal index (p<0.001). Conclusion The oral health care practice, oral hygiene habits, nutritional intake of the people have been affected in the earthquake affected areas. It showed high caries index, gingival index and periodontal index in earthquake affected people suggesting further efforts are needed for an oral health improvement. Data from this study may be used as basic information for oral health planning and future steps in oral health care preventive and therapeutic programs. KEY WORDS Dental caries, disaster, gorkha earthquake, oral health, periodontitisPublication Adjunctive Orthodontic Treatment with Lingual Orthodontic System(Kathmandu University, 2011) Kafle, D; Humagain, M; Upadhaya, CABSTRACT The lingual orthodontic therapy though started in 1972, could not be popular till the beginning of 1990. In Nepal it does not have a history of more than a year. It is started in Dhulikhel Hospital for the first time in Nepal. Usually orthodontic therapy is meant for putting braces on the labial surface of the teeth which is called labial orthodontic system. Lingual orthodontic system is a purely invisible kind of orthodontic therapy in which braces are placed behind the teeth. The advantages of lingual orthodontic therapy are: invisibility, better biomechanics and improved patient compliance. On the other hand it is difficult to master and costlier than labial orthodontics. We have presented six adjunctive orthodontic cases treated by lingual system with the same end result comparable to labial orthodontic system. KEY WORDS invisible, labial ,lingual, orthodonticsPublication Clinico-histopathological Survey of Head and Neck Cancer at Tertiary Health Care Centre -Dhulikhel Hospital(Kathmandu University, 2016) Dixit, S; Upadhyaya, C; Humagain, M; Srii, R; Marla, VABSTRACT Background Head and neck is one of the most prevalent site for cancers along with lungs, cervix, breast and stomach. Hospital based cancer registries required for effective evaluation of diagnosis and management of cancer is inadequate in Nepal. Cancer registry system established by WHO is acquired by seven major hospitals in our country. However, data from tertiary health care centres like ours remain undocumented. Objective The objective of this study is to perform retrospective analysis of clinico- histopathological types of head and neck lesions which were eventually diagnosed as cancer in Dhulikel Hospital, a tertiary health care centre of Central East Nepal. Method Data regarding head and neck lesions diagnosed as cancer (January 2001- December 2014) were extracted from the archives of Department of General Pathology. These cases were categorised according to demographic profile, site of cancer and histological diagnosis. Result A total of 240 cases matched the inclusion criteria and were selected for this study. Male: Female ratio of 1.3:1 with a mean age of 52 years (52.82±1.8) was found. Two hundred and two (84.16%) patients were diagnosed with carcinoma, 31 (15%) with lymphoma, 3 (1.25%) with melanoma, 2(0.83%) with small round cell tumor and 2 (0.83%) with sarcoma. The most common histological types of carcinoma seen were Squamous cell carcinoma (138 cases; 57.5%) followed by papillary carcinoma (26 cases; 10.8%). Among the lymphomas Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (21 cases; 8.75%) was the most predominant type. The most common site of presentation was oral cavity (60 cases; 25%) followed by skin (36 cases; 15%), thyroid (32 cases; 13.33%) and oesophagus (27 cases; 11.25%). Metastasis to cervical lymph node was found in 39 cases (16.25%). Conclusion Based on these finding, it was observed that Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type followed by different epithelial and mesenchymal malignancies in head and neck region. The results revealed by this study will provide useful information for planning the health care policies about cancer in Nepal and will be more effective and helpful to the patients of remote areas. KEY WORDS Carcinoma, clinico-histopathological, head and neck region, lymphoma, Nepal, sarcomaPublication Gender Based Comparison of Gingival Zenith Esthetics(Kathmandu University, 2016) Humagain, M; Rokaya, D; Srii, R; Dixit, S; Kafle, DABSTRACT Background The size, proportion and gingival zenith position of maxillary anterior teeth plays in the anterior teeth esthetics. Objective To compare the gingival zenith positions and levels between male and female in right and left side as an esthetic parameter. Method Impression of the maxillary arch was made in each participant with irreversible hydrocolloid, and dental cast was made with dental stone type IV. Two clinical parameters were evaluated: (1) the gingival zenith position (GZP) from the vertical bisected midline along the long axis of each individual maxillary anterior tooth; and (2) the gingival zenith level (GZL) of the lateral incisors in an apical-coronal direction relative to the gingival line joining the tangents of the GZP of the adjacent central incisor and canine teeth under healthy conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS with the level of significance (α) = 0.05. Descriptive statistics was done and Independent t-test was used to compare the GZP and GZL between male and female. Result In male, the gingival zenith position for right side central, lateral and canine were 1.05 mm, 0.57 mm and 0.14 mm, and in left side were 1.02 mm, 0.53 mm, 0.15 mm. In female, the gingival zenith position for right side central, lateral and canine were 0.99 mm, 0.48 mm and 0.15 mm, and in left side were 0.94 mm, 0.44 mm and 0.14 mm. The gingival zenith position was significantly different between male and female for both lateral incisors. In addition, significantly different was found for the lateral incisor between right and left side. In male, the gingival zenith level of right and left lateral incisors 0.74 mm and 0.71 mm. In female, the gingival zenith level of right and left lateral incisors 0.76 mm and 0.72 mm. No significant difference was found between male and female for the gingival zenith level of right and left lateral incisors. Conclusion The GZP and GZL obtained from this study can be clinically applied to reestablish the GZP of the maxillary anterior teeth during periodontal surgery; crown lengthening or root coverage procedures. KEY WORDS Esthetics, gingiva, maxilla, zenithPublication Nepalese Esthetic Dental (NED) Proportion in Nepalese Population(Kathmandu University, 2015) Rokaya, D; Kitisubkanchana, J; Wonglamsam, A; Santiwong, P; Srithavaj, T; Humagain, MABSTRACT Background Lots of studies on maxillary anterior teeth proportions have been studied in different populations in various countries, but no studies have been conducted in Nepal on the esthetic maxillary anterior teeth proportions. Objective The study was done to investigate the maxillary anterior teeth proportions in a Nepalese population. Teeth proportions in the total population were compared with golden proportion (GP) and golden standard (GS). Method A total of 150 Nepalese subjects were divided in three facial types; broad, average and narrow group. Maxillary anterior teeth were measured from dental casts using digital calipers. The perceived width ratios of lateral to central incisor (LI/CI) and canine to lateral incisor (CN/LI), ratios of mean central incisor length to 2 central incisor widths (CIL/2CIW), and actual width to length ratios (WLRs) (%) were calculated in each facial type and compared. Mean LI/CI, CN/LI and CIL/2CIW in total population were calculated and compared with GP (0.618), and mean WLRs in the total population were compared with GS (80%). All teeth proportions were compared among three facial types. One-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to analyze the data (α = 0.05). Result The LI/CI, CN/LI, CIL/2CIW and WLRs in three facial types showed no significant difference. The LI/CI, CN/LI and CIL/2CIW in the total population were 66%, 70% and 55% respectively, and were significantly different from GP. The WLRs for CI, LI and CN in the total population were 90%, 86% and 89% respectively and significantly differed from GS. These values were considered to constitute the Nepalese Esthetic Dental (NED) proportion. Conclusion No significant difference of maxillary anterior teeth proportions were observed among three facial types. Teeth proportions in the total population significantly differed from GP and GS. We propose the NED proportion as a guideline for dental treatment in the maxillary anterior region in Nepalese populations. KEY WORDS Anterior tooth, esthetics, golden proportion, golden standard, Nepalese population, teeth proportion.Publication Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease: Is it a mere association?(Kathmandu University, 2006) Humagain, M; Nayak, DG; Uppoor, ASThe oral cavity is a major site of chronic infection and inflammation, particularly periodontal or chronic gum diseases. In recent years there has been increasing interest in the “periodontal systemic connection” between periodontal health parameters and risks of cardiovascular disease. Given that poor oral health and cardiovascular disease are major worldwide health problems, their association are potentially important. The article summarizes the evidences from epidemiologic studies and studies that focused on potential contributing mechanisms to provide an insight of this associationPublication Peripheral Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma(Kathmandu University, 2017) Humagain, M; Dawadi, A; Srii, R; Poudel, PABSTRACT Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF), a relatively uncommon lesion, reactive in nature is seen as an overgrowth of the gingival tissues often leading to periodontal problems. It is a benign tumor with slow-growing potential commonly affecting the anterior maxilla whose pathogenesis till date is uncertain. It is usually challenging to diagnose peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma based on clinical observation and examination, hence histopathological examination is mandatory to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. Recurrence of the lesion is common unless and until it is completely excised. We present the report of two cases of peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma of our department, complaining of a mass in the gingiva of posterior maxilla and mandible. KEY WORDS Irritational fibroma, Mineralized deposits, Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibromaPublication Prevalence of dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth at Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital (KUTH), Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal: A study(Kathmandu University, 2010) Upadhyaya, C; Humagain, MAbstract Background: One of the most common postoperative complications following the extraction of permanent teeth is a condition known as dry socket. Although the aetiology of dry socket is debated, it is probably multifactoral, and its pathogenesis remains unknown. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate incidence of dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth at dental out-patient department (OPD) of Dhulikhel hospital, Kathmandu university teaching hospital (KUTH), Kavre, Nepal. Materials and methods: Retrospective reviews of records of total 1860 no of patients were studied who underwent extraction of permanent teeth for various reasons since January 2007 to December 2008 period. There were 873(47%) male patients and 987(53%) female patients. Information regarding indications for extraction, extracted tooth status, onset of symptoms, relevant findings of the examining clinician, interval between presentation, management given, and its outcome were retrieved and analysed. Results: A total 1860 no of patients were studied who underwent extraction of total 2640 number of permanent teeth for various reasons. A total of 103 (3.9%) extractions were complicated by dry socket in patients aged 11 to 80 years with female predominance (54.4%). Conclusion: The etiology of dry socket is multifactorial and ultimately it is the host’s healing potential which determines the severity and duration of the condition. The incidence of dry socket was found as 3.9% in this study. The incidence was higher in female patients (54.4%) and in mandibular teeth extraction cases (68.93%). Key words: Extraction, Dry socket, TeethPublication Self-Perception of Halitosis among Undergraduate Students of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences - A Questionnaire Based Study(Kathmandu University, 2018) Humagain, M; Dixit, S; Bhandari, B; Khanal, S; Singh, PKABSTRACT Background Halitosis is a frequently reported oral health problem worldwide with a prevalence rate of 10-30% in the general population. It is defined as the disagreeable or foul smelling breath originating consistently from a person’s oral cavity. It not only effects the normal daily life activities of the patient but also bring humiliation, reduced self- esteem, ultimately resulting into decreased quality of life. Objective To determine the self-perception of halitosis among undergraduate students of different medical branches of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS); Kavre, Nepal. Method A descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among undergraduate students of Physiotherapy, B.Sc Nursing, Bachelor of Nursing Sciences (BNS), MBBS and BDS program of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and were distributed among 500 undergraduate students. Result Out of total 500 distributed questionnaires, 406 were completely filled and returned giving an overall response of 81.2%, in which 70 (89.7%) male and 280 (85.4%) female students from different medical branches were aware of the term halitosis. Among them 29 (7.14%) of students think that they suffer from halitosis. Similarly 178 (43.84%) students had severe impact of halitosis on their social life while 153 (37.68%) and 62 (15.27%) students had moderate and mild impact respectively. Conclusion Due to the multifactorial complexity of halitosis, further longitudinal studies including objective assessment of malodor are required to determine its prevalence and to further investigate the association of this problem with other etiological factors in the context of Nepal. Also, curriculum of different fields should be modified to include this simple but very necessary topic. KEY WORDS Halitosis, Multifactorial complexity, Self-perceptionPublication The pattern of tooth loss due to dental caries and periodontal disease among patients attending dental department (OPD), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital (KUTH), Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2009) Upadhyaya, C; Humagain, MAbstract Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the type of tooth usually associated with extraction due to caries or periodontal disease and its relation to age at which these were lost, among patients attending dental surgery outpatient clinic, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital (KUTH). Materials and methods: A total no of 626 patients (male-299 and female-327) attending at outpatient clinic, in the department of Dentistry, Dhulikhel Hospital were taken in over a period of six months. The details about the permanent teeth to be extracted regarding each tooth type, including age and sex of the patient, type of tooth extracted, cause of extraction were collected, causes other than dental caries and periodontal disease were excluded. Results: The highest proportion of extraction due to caries occurred between 21-30 years of age, while that of periodontal disease was between 51-60 years of age. More than 80% of teeth lost were from below 40 years of age group. Mandibular first molar was by far the most frequently extracted tooth due to dental caries followed by maxillary first molar. Maxillary teeth were lost more than mandibular teeth due to periodontal disease. Conclusion: Dental caries and periodontal disease are the two most important factors for extraction or removal of tooth. In this study dental caries is the major cause for loosing tooth among young group of people. Key words: dental caries, periodontal disease, extraction