Browsing by Author "Shrestha, MR"
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Publication Analysis between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2(Kathmandu University, 2022) Basnet A; Tamang, B; Pokhrel, N; Khadka, S; Shrestha, MR; Ghimire, S; Prajapati, R; Thapa S; Duwal Shrestha, SK; Chand, AB; Amatya, I; Rai, SKABSTRACT Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, which have emerged due to several mutations in spike protein, have a potential to escape immune protection provided by the first-generation vaccines, thereby resulting in breakthrough infections. Objective To identify the socio-demographic factors, clinical features, and outcomes in both vaccinated and unvaccinated hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Method Socio-demographic details, clinical features, and the outcomes among fully vaccinated (double for Covishield/AstraZeneca and BBIBP-CorV and single for Janssen), partially vaccinated, and unvaccinated hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Result Among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n=299), 175 (58.5%) patients received a single-dose, 82 (27.4%) double-dose, and 124 (41.5%) did not receive any dose of the COVID-19 vaccines. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was found to be associated among professional degree holders (23.4% versus 9.7%) (p<0.05), professional workers (43.4% vs. 25.0%) (p<0.05), hospitalization to general ward (76.6% vs. 72.6%) (p<0.05), and presence of multiple symptoms (≥3) (86.8% vs. 75.0%) (p>0.05) and comorbidities (≥2) (15.5% vs. 13.7%) (p>0.05). Despite such approximate incidences, the risk of in-hospital mortality among the vaccinated patients was reduced (0.6% vs. 3.2%) (p>0.05), when compared to the unvaccinated patients. The risk of in-hospital mortality was associated with the older age and the presence of multiple comorbidities including bronchial asthma, diabetes, and hypertension. Conclusion Full or partial vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns might be effective in preventing in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients. KEY WORDS COVID-19, Clinical features, SARS-CoV-2, Socio-demographic factors, Vaccine, VariantsPublication Comparative Analyses of Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Findings between COVID-19 Deceased and Recovered Patients(Kathmandu University, 2023) Shrestha, MR; Basnet, A; Joshi, P; Bhat, DS; Maharjan, R; Thapa, R; Joshi, RD; Maharjan, R; Jha, RKABSTRACT Background Understanding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-specific indices has become important with increasing cases of COVID-related in-hospital mortality. Objective This case-control study compared clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings between deceased and recovered COVID-19 patients and identified the significant biomarkers associated with deceased patients. Method An analysis of clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of COVID-19 patients admitted to the COVID-dedicated wards of Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital between March and December 2021 was performed using SPSS version 17.0, with statistical significance considered at p < 0.05. Result A total of 187 COVID-19 patients, comprising deceased [n=95, median (interquartile range, IQR) age: 66 (53–76) years, male: 61 (64.2%) (p=0.024)] and recovered [n=92, median (IQR) age: 51 (38–61) years, male: 44 (47.8%)], were included in the study. Compared to recovered COVID-19 patients, deceased patients had increased median respiratory (20 versus 29.5 breaths/minute) and pulse (83 vs. 86 beats/minute) rates; multiple co-morbidities (≥ 2) (11.9% vs. 32.6%) (p < 0.001); significantly (p < 0.05) lowered alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil, hemoglobin and significantly (p < 0.05) elevated glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), leucocytes, neutrophils, D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP); and chest abnormalities including bilateral (p < 0.001), peripheral (p < 0.001) interstitial (p < 0.001) and ground glass opacity (GGO) (p=0.002). Conclusion Elderly, male sex, increased respiratory and pulse rate, presence of multiple co- morbidities, lowered levels of ALP, TP, albumin, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, hemoglobin, elevated levels of glucose, LDH, ALT, AST, leucocytes, neutrophils, D-dimer, CRP, and chest X-rays showing bilateral, peripheral interstitial and GGO abnormalities were the significant indices associated with deceased COVID-19 patients. KEY WORDS Biomarkers, Comorbidity, COVID-19, Laboratory, Radiology, Signs symptoms, Vitals