Journal Issue: Volume: 61, No. 265 (2023)
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Induction of Labour among Pregnant Women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Yadav, Siddhartha Kumar; Yadav, Indra; Pradhan, Tarun; Jyoti, Sabita; Yadav, Rozy
Abstract
Introduction: Induction of labour is the artificial initiation of uterine contraction by various means such as medical, surgical or mechanical with the aim of achieving vaginal delivery. Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue is used popularly for the induction of labour in resource-limited health centres. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of induction of labour among pregnant women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in a tertiary care centre from 3 February 2022 to 31 July 2022. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. The women with a singleton pregnancy, reactive non-stress test, and adequate pelvis were included. Women with malpresentation, previous cesarean section, placenta previa, and cephalopelvic disproportion were excluded. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 1355 pregnant women, the prevalence of induction of labour was found to be 135 (9.96%) (8.37-11.55, 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusions: The prevalence of induction of labour among pregnant women was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings.
Sepsis among Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Mandal, Laxman; Rijal, Garima; Singh, Raj; Tiwari, Bhawana; Jahan, Farhat; Lama, Dipti; Shrestha, Sagun; Kurmi, Ram Narayan; Das, Uma
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening dysfunction and is one of the common causes of admission in intensive care units. Early diagnosis and management improves the outcome of patients. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of sepsis among patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data of patients admitted from 1 February 2022 to 31 January 2023 was collected between 6 April 2023 to 27 April 2023. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 1001 patients, the prevalence of sepsis was 278 (27.77%) (25-30.54, 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, 209 (75.17%) developed septic shock. The mean age was 56.6±19.34 years. Pneumonia 43 (15.46%) and genitourinary infection 43 (15.46%) were the most common sources of infection and the source was unknown in 124 (44.60%) of patients. Hypertension 75 (26.97%) was the most common comorbidity. Acute kidney injury 166 (59.71%) was the most common complication followed by thrombocytopenia 165 (59.35%) and transaminitis 79 (28.41%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of sepsis among patients admitted to the intensive care unit was higher than other studies done in similar settings.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Patients Admitted to the Department of Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Khadka, Milan; Karki, Lochan; Maharjan, Shrinkhala; Giri, Ganesh Kumar; Sherpa, Pasang; K C, Poonam; Adhikari, Siddhant; Oli, Milan Purna; Tamrakar, Rama; Joti, Santosh
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a prevalent respiratory condition with permanent and progressively decreasing airflow limitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes more than 3 million deaths per year globally, making it the third leading cause of death globally. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients admitted to the Department of Medicine in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care centre. Data from 1 January 2022 to 30 December 2022 were collected between 15 June 2023 to 30 June 2023 from the hospital records and reviewed. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. All the patients admitted to the Department of Medicine during the study period were included in the study. The patients with incomplete medical records were excluded from the study. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 280 patients, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found in 68 (24.29%) (19.27-29.31, 95% Confidence Interval) with a mean age of 70.62±10.39 years and a mean pack year of 16.72±7.67.
Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients admitted to the Department of Medicine was similar to the other studies done in similar settings.
Cervical Papanicolaou Smear Test Screening among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Sapkota, Ram Prashad; Pokhrel, Sunilmani; Bhandari, Anita; Adhikari, Pradeep; Shrestha, Mabindra
Abstract
Introduction: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common cause of death in women worldwide and the most common cause in developing countries. Cervical cancer is considered a preventable gynaecological problem as it has a long premalignant stage which can be detected by exfoliative cytology like papanicolaou smear test. The papanicolaou smear test is a simple, safe, non-invasive, and low-cost effective method for screening cervical cancer in developing countries like Nepal. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of cervical papanicolaou smear test screening among patients visiting the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the Department of Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data from 14 April 2021 to 22 October 2022 were collected between 11 May 2023 to 26 May 2023 from the hospital records. Papanicolaou smear tests among the age group of 21 years up to 70 years were included in the study. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 11,173 patients, papanicolaou smear test was done in 572 (5.12%) (4.71-5.53, 95% Confidence Interval). Negative for intraepithelial lesion was the most common cytological pattern seen in 518 (90.55%) patients. The low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was the most common among abnormal epithelial cells seen in 29 (5.07%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of cervical papanicolaou smear test among patients visiting the Outpatient Department of Gynaecology was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings.
Low-Birth-Weight among Term Newborns Born to Anaemic Pregnant Women Admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Yadav, Priya; Yadav, Priyanka; Das, Rakesh Kumar; Das, Ram; Bhattarai, Ashish; Shrestha, Saroj
Abstract
Introduction: Anaemia is one of the most common conditions which affects a significant proportion of pregnant women worldwide. These patients may have adverse effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. Detecting and timely treating anaemia in pregnancy help in the overall improvement of maternal and fetal health. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of low-birth-weight among term newborns born to anaemic pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who were diagnosed with anaemia and admitted for delivery in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data was collected from 10 December 2022 to 10 March 2023. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 300 newborns, the prevalence of low-birth-weight was 106 (35.33%) (29.92-40.74, 95% Confidence Interval). Among 106 newborn, 64 (60.37%) were male and 42 (39.62%) were female.
Conclusions: The prevalence of low-birth-weight among newborns born to term anaemic pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care centre was found to be higher than in studies done in a similar settings.